Vowels and Diphthongs
Loegrish has the following system of vowels and diphthongs:
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u, y, á, í, ú [ɑ, ε, ɪ, o, ʊ, ə, ɔ, i, u]
Diphthongs: ai, ei, oi [a͡ɪ, ɐ͡ɪ, o͡ɪ]
Old Loegrish also had é, ë, ö, w, y, áu [e̝, ə, ɶ, ɯ, ɪ̈, ɔ͡ʊ]. Old Loegrish manuscripts also alternate macrons with acute accents.
The southeastern dialect uses [æ] as well, which is usually spelled æ or ä.
The distinction between long vowels and short vowels is one of quality, and not of quantity. In other words, long vowels are not just the short vowels pronounced longer, but they have a different pronunciation than short vowels entirely. This distinction is influenced by Irish; the vowels are pronounced exactly like in Munster Irish.
Consonants
Loegrish has the following system of consonants:
b, bh, c, ċ, ch, d, dd, f, g, ġ, gh, h, k, l, m, mh, n, ng, p, r, s, t, th, v, w [b, β~v, k, ʧ, x, d, ð, f, g, ʝ, ɣ, h, k, l, m, v, n, ŋ, p, ɹ, s, t, θ, v, w]
Old Loegrish used the following alterations: bh > ḃ; dd > ð; gh > ȝ; mh > ṁ; th > þ; and w > ƿ. These reflect the conventions used in Old Irish and Old English manuscripts; even today, the orthography of Loegrish is heavily influenced by that of Irish. The use of a dot placed above a certain letter to alter its sound persists to this day in the characters of ċ and ġ, to differentiate them from ch and gh, respectively. Old Loegrish employed the dotted characters for both sounds.
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